Social Stratification is a concept involving the classification of people into groups based on shared socio-economic condition, a relational set of inequalities with economic lead to greater status, power in privilege for some groups over the other, it is called Social stratification." How do wealth and income cause stratification in society? Unequal Distribution of Resources: Income: Income refers to the money received through wages, salaries, or investments. Disparities in income mean that some individuals and groups have significantly more financial resources than others. This unequal distribution affects access to essential goods and services, such as housing, healthcare, education, and nutritious food. Wealth: Wealth encompasses the total value of assets, including property, investments, and savings. Wealth is often inherited, which can perpetuate inequality across generations. Those with greater wealth have increased opportunities for investment, fu...
Auguste Comte (1798 - 1857)
Auguste Comte's Sociology concepts: Traditionally, we consider Auguste Comte the father
of sociology. But it is worth noting that even before Comte, some ideal philosophers had extensive Sociology knowledge. The French
political philosopher Montesque, in his famous book "The Spirit of
Law", argued that social phenomena, like other natural phenomena, can be
determined only according to scientific laws, therefore, social phenomena should
also be studied scientifically and systematically. Apart from these scholars,
Saint Simon also played an important role in scientifically using the ideas of sociology. He said that to understand and know the truth of
sociology, as much meaningful information and material about society as
possible should be collected using the scientific method.
The Italian political philosopher and
scientist (Vico) also said in his book "The New Science" that certain scientific laws apply to human society as well, which can be investigated
and tested through scientific methods and results can be drawn.
Comte did not create the science of society,
Comte first called this science of society social physics and then changed it
and in 1839 named this new science "Sociology". Thus, Auguste Comte
created the word "Sociology" and said that "Sociology" is
the study of social order and progress.
1. Social Statics 2. Social Dynamics
Social statistics Science deals with the main institutions of society, family, politics and economic activities and processes. It includes the laws of the activities and processes of various parts of the social system.
Social Dynamics studies the process of development and change of society. This section makes a social analysis of complete societies and explains how human societies develop and change and analyzes the reasons for change.
To understand Comte's sociology, it is necessary to understand the following three principles:
1. It is impossible to understand and explain any social phenomenon without placing it in the overall social situation related to it.
2. The progress of knowledge is the main directing force of history. Man acts according to the knowledge available to him. The relationship of man with society and the world depends on what he knows about society and nature. Comte has considered the historical aspect as an influential factor.
3. Man is the same at all times due to his biological structure and especially the structure of the brain, therefore we can expect that all societies will develop in the same way and in the same direction and humanity as a whole will move towards more developed societies.
In Brief about Auguste Comte' Concepts:
Auguste Comte was a French philosopher who is considered the father of sociology. He introduced the idea of positivism in the early 19th century.
Positivism
According to Comte, knowledge passes through three stages:
* Religious stage: In this stage, people believe that natural phenomena are the result of the will of gods or supernatural forces.
* Philosophical stage: In this stage, people try to explain natural phenomena in terms of abstract forces or ideas rather than supernatural forces.
* Empirical stage: This is the highest stage of knowledge where people try to understand natural phenomena through observation and experimentation.
Comte believed that society also passes through these three stages. He tried to bring social science into the positivist stage, in which social phenomena can be studied scientifically.
Sociology
Comte called sociology "social physics" and divided it into two parts:
* Social stability: It studies the structure and functions of society.
* Social dynamics: It studies change and development in society.
Comte has had a great influence on sociology. His ideas have contributed significantly to the development of social science.
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